INFO 447 - L06 - January 21, 2005
Notes By: Fortier, Rose, Horm, Prins, Serim

Jonathan Grudin presents:
His Guest Presentation (on his paper "Multimedia Annotation: An Unsuccessful Tool Becomes a Successful Framework")
http://research.microsoft.com/~jgrudin

Pre-PowerPoint
Looks at history of video conferencing
Highlights technical and behavioral factors
Specifically about video annotation
Couldn't make generic system, but made a platform for other people to develop with instead

If you like what you have read... what should you do?
    - Look and see if it is actually in use
    - Write an e-mail to the person that did it, see what's up?

People will say they'll use the system because they're nice, but when they are actually given the installation CD, they won't use it.

These multimedia tools were not meant for distance learning. Instead it was a system to enhance lectures with videos and discussions outside of class.

Three Faces of Human Computer Interaction: Human Factors, Information Systems, and CHI (computer-human interaction)

HCI History
Landmarks
    - 1945: Electronic digital computers
    - 1959: word "ergonomics" coined by first HCI paper
    - 1960: Transistor-Based computers
        > Didn't need vacuums
    - 1965: Mainframes & business computing
        > Shift from scientific to business usage
        > Only users were the computer operators
        > Output (paper) was read by other members of the organization
    - 1980: Personal computing
        > CHI group formed in 1982 because PC focus was on discretionary use
    - 1985: GUIs succeed with the Mac
        > Originally went after business market and lost (vs IBM)
        > Succeeded in consumer market
    - 2000: Web is major e-commerce phenomenon

Three Kinds of Computer User (60s - 70s)
    - Operators (hands-on users of displays, printers, input devices)
        > First HCI paper was about helping operators because of tedious tasks
    - Programmers (using flowcharts, paper coding sheets)
    - Managerial (reading test reports and graphical output)

Non-Discretionary vs Discretionary factors
    - Operators and Managers vs Personal computing
    - different eras (patriots vs hippies)

Three Shaky Bridges: Cultural/Centrifugal Effects
    1) CHI '83 cosponsored by HFS with program chair, PC members, tutorial & paper authors. By 1986 HFS gone.
        - Partly by design ("I was afraid it would just become human factors again.")
        - Partly cultural divide: linguistic, generational
        - Emphasis on initial usability vs. statistically proven efficiency
        - Differing views of conferences
    2) CSCW: management school participation evaporated
        - Linguistic and generational divide
        - Differing views of conferences, often misunderstood
    3) Recent AIS SIGHCI effort to bridge from S to CHI
        - Differing views of conferences and journals

CHI in Search of Identity Science, Engineering, & Design
    - Seeking Science: Cognitive to Computer to Information
    - Moore's Law: World not waiting fora  science of use
    - Flirting with Engineering: Human Factors, Cognitive Engineering, Usability Engineering
    - 1984: the Mac fails
    - 1985: the Mac succeeds
    - After 1985, discretionary use logically required Design
        > Resisted due to focus on science and engineering
        > DIS 1995: Designing Interactive Systems
        > DUX 2003: Designing User Experience

The Age of Information Scarcity
    "A machine with vast logic power, capable of storing enormous quantities of information... A much greater growth rate than an exponential increase... The dam is bursting.. Making today faces an information deluge of unimaginable complexity... We must protect computer users from the vase and overwhelming mass of data..."
    "the computer files of current IBM customer orders contain more than 100 billion bits of information."
        - James Martin, 1973
    We are still in the age of information scarcity
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